On 22 August 2006, in his first public chess games since his retirement, Kasparov played in the Lichthof Chess Champions Tournament, a blitz event played at the time control of five minutes per side and three-second increments per move. The second Karpov–Kasparov match in 1985 was organised in Moscow as the best of 24 games, where the first player to win 12½ points would claim the title. Kasparov played in a pair of six-game chess matches with IBM supercomputer Deep Blue. That same year, Kasparov played against thirty-two chess computers in Hamburg, winning all games. His only failure in this time period in either tournament or match play was the 1984 world title match against Karpov.
In 1997, he became the first world champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls when he was defeated by the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue in a highly publicised match. Kasparov became the youngest undisputed world champion in 1985 at age 22 by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov, a record he held until 2024.c He defended the title against Karpov three times, in 1986, 1987 and 1990. From 1984 until his retirement from regular competitive chess in 2005, Kasparov was ranked the world’s No. 1 player for a record 255 months overall. Casino.guru is an independent source of information about online casinos and online casino games, not controlled by any gambling operator. An initiative we launched with the goal to create a global self-exclusion system, which will allow vulnerable players to block their access to all online gambling opportunities.
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It consisted of four rapid (or semi rapid) games, in which Kasparov won 3–1, and eight blitz games, in which Kasparov won 6–2, winning the match with a final result of 9–3. Kasparov said he might play in some rapid chess events for fun, but he intended to spend more time on his books, including the My Great Predecessors series, and work on the links between decision-making in chess and other areas of life. When winning the Russian championship in 2004, he commented that it had been the last major title he had never won outright. After winning the prestigious Linares tournament for the ninth time, Kasparov announced on 10 March 2005 that he would retire from regular competitive chess. As black, Kasparov lost two (games 2 and 10), meaning Kramnik won the match 8½–6½, and Kramnik succeeded Kasparov as the Classical World Champion.citation needed Alexei Shirov and Kramnik played a candidates match to decide the challenger, which Shirov won in an upset.
On 2 June 2016, Kasparov played against fifteen chess players in a simultaneous exhibition in the Kaiser-Friedrich-Halle de of Mönchengladbach. The second was a longer match consisting of eight blitz games played on 9 October, against English grandmaster Short. Kasparov and Karpov played a four-game match with rapid time controls over two days in December 2002 in New York City.
Notable games
In particular, he was denied access to Deep Blue’s recent games, in contrast to the computer’s team, which could study hundreds of Kasparov’s. The second was played in New York City in May 1997 and won by Deep Blue (3½–2½). By the July 1999 and January 2000 FIDE rating lists, Kasparov had reached a 2851 Elo rating, at that time the highest rating ever achieved. At the time of his retirement, he was still ranked No. 1 in the world, with a rating of 2812. Another well-known case of winning an important game thanks to a novelty in the opening is Kasparov’s 10th game of the 1995 match against Anand.
A revolutionary step at that time was the involvement of computer programs in analysing games, and it was Kasparov and his team who took the first steps in this direction. His games are characterised by a dynamic style of play with a focus on tactics, depth of strategy, subtle calculation and original opening ideas. He also participated in 9LX 2, finishing fifth in a field of ten players, with a score of 5/9. At the post-tournament interview, Kasparov announced that he would donate his winnings from playing the next top-level blitz exhibition match to assist funding of the American Olympiad team. At the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis on 28 and 29 April 2016, Kasparov played a 6-round exhibition blitz round-robin tournament with Fabiano Caruana, Wesley So and Nakamura in an event called the Ultimate Blitz Challenge.
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- In November 2003, he engaged in a four-game match against the computer program X3D Fritz, using a virtual board, 3D glasses and a speech recognition system.
- He first qualified for the USSR Chess Championship at age 15 in 1978, the youngest-ever player at that level, by winning a 64-player Swiss system tournament at Daugavpils.
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- He was supported by reigning world champion and FIDE No. 1 ranked player Carlsen.
In the late 1990s, Kasparov went on another long streak of ten consecutive super-tournament wins. The streak was broken by Vasyl Ivanchuk at Linares 1991, where Kasparov placed second, half a point behind him after losing their individual game. Kasparov holds the record for most consecutive professional tournament victories, placing first or equal first in fifteen individual tournaments from 1981 to 1990. He held that record until Carlsen attained a new record high rating of 2861 in January 2013. In January 1990, Kasparov achieved the (then) highest FIDE rating ever, passing 2800 and breaking Fischer’s old record of 2785.
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This match was also very close, with neither player holding more than a one-point lead at any time. At the time, the champion still had the right to a rematch after losing the title. Announcing his decision, Campomanes cited the health of the players, which had been strained by the length of the match.
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With the exception of the PCA period and sharing first place with Kramnik in 1996, Kasparov led the rating list from 1985 to 2006 – a total of 255 months. In 1999, Kasparov reached an Elo rating of 2851, a record that stood for over thirteen years, until Carlsen achieved 2861 in January 2013. Between 1981 and 1991, he won or tied for first place in every tournament he entered. He represented the Soviet Union four times and Russia four times, following the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991. He finished eighth in a strong field of ten, including Nakamura, Caruana, former world champion Anand and the eventual winner, Levon Aronian. Kasparov participated in the inaugural St. Louis Rapid and Blitz tournament from 14 to 19 August 2017, scoring 3.5/9 in the rapid and 9/18 in the blitz, representing Croatia.
Kasparov lost the first game but won the match 7–4 (four wins, one loss). Politics threatened Kasparov’s semi-final against Victor Korchnoi, which was scheduled to be played in Pasadena, California. Kasparov won this high-class tournament by 2 points, emerging with a provisional rating of 2545, enough to rank him equal 40th in the world. Kasparov said that after the victory, he thought he had a “very good shot” at the world championship.
Kasparov won the match decisively (8½–1½), winning all five games on the second day. Commentators GM Maurice Ashley and Alejandro Ramírez remarked how Kasparov was an ‘initiative hog’ throughout the match, consistently not allowing Short to gain any foothold in the games. The match consisted of two rapid games and eight blitz games and was contested over the course of two days. The event took place exactly 25 years after the two players’ unfinished encounter at World Chess Championship 1984.
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My Great Predecessors series
He earned a place in the 1982 Moscow Interzonal tournament, which he won, to qualify for the Candidates Tournament. His first win in a superclass-level international tournament was scored at Bugojno, Yugoslavia, in 1982. As a teenager, Kasparov shared the USSR Chess Championship in 1981 with Lev Psakhis (12.5/17), although Psakhis won their game.
His book series My Great Predecessors, first published in 2003, details the history and games of the world champion chess players who preceded him. After the loss, Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the machine’s moves, suggesting that during the second game chess players had intervened in contravention of the rules. In May 2010, Kasparov played and won 30 games simultaneously against players at Tel Aviv University in Israel.
- The rules provided for the developers to modify the program between games, an opportunity they said they used to shore up weaknesses in the computer’s play revealed during the course of the match.
- This rematch took place in 1986, hosted jointly in London and Leningrad, with each city hosting 12 games.
- He launched Kasparov Chess, a subscription-based online chess community featuring documentaries, lessons, puzzles, podcasts, articles, interviews and playing zones, in 2021.
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- Kasparov was known for his extensive opening preparation and aggressive play in it.
- On 22 August 2006, in his first public chess games since his retirement, Kasparov played in the Lichthof Chess Champions Tournament, a blitz event played at the time control of five minutes per side and three-second increments per move.
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Its content is mainly literary, with a small chess component of key unannotated games. In 2015, a whole note on Kasparov was removed from a Russian language encyclopaedia of greatest Soviet players after an intervention from “senior leadership”. Kasparov’s grandfather was a staunch communist, but the young Kasparov gradually began to have doubts about the Soviet Union’s political system at age 13 when he travelled abroad for the first time in 1976 to Paris for a chess tournament. He was supported by reigning world champion and FIDE No. 1 ranked player Carlsen. In January 2003, he engaged in a six-game classical time control match, with a $1 million prize fund, against Deep Junior.
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He has annotated his own games extensively for the Yugoslav Chess Informant series. In November 2003, he engaged in a four-game match against the computer program X3D Fritz, using a virtual board, 3D glasses and a speech recognition system. Kasparov conducted the white moves while more than 50,000 people from all over the globe played against him. IBM denied that it had cheated, stating the only human intervention occurred between games.
When Kasparov was 11, Botvinnik wrote, “The future of chess lies in the hands of this young man.” Makogonov helped develop Kasparov’s positional skills and taught him to play the Caro–Kann Defence and the Tartakower System of the Queen’s Gambit Declined. Since retiring from chess, Kasparov has devoted his time to writing and politics. His peak FIDE chess rating of 2851, achieved in 1999, was the highest recorded until being surpassed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013.
In 2001, he refused an invitation to the 2002 Candidates Tournament to choose Kramnik’s first challenger, claiming his results had earned him a rematch with Kramnik. The Kasparov–Kramnik match took place in London during the latter half of 2000. After a match with Shirov could not be agreed by BrainGames.com and talks with Anand collapsed, a match was instead arranged against Kramnik. In an interview in 2007, Kasparov called the break with FIDE in 1993 the worst mistake of his career, as it hurt the game in the long run. Their match took place under the auspices of the Professional Chess Association (PCA), an organisation established by Kasparov and Short.